5-Earth Science-History

Meinesz F

He lived 1887 to 1966 and studied gravity. Strong negative isostatic anomalies {Meinesz belts} parallel deep-sea trenches [1921 to 1937]. Downbuckling results from compression between large, rigid crustal blocks.

Urey H

He lived 1893 to 1981 and studied life's origin [1952] and ocean temperature variation [1931].

Beebe W

He lived 1877 to 1962 and went 1000 meters below sea level in bathysphere [1934].

5-Earth Science-History-Invention

Vonnegut B

He lived 1914 to 1997 and started cloud seeding [1946] with silver iodide for more rain {cloud seeding}.

5-Earth Science-History-Planet

Lyell C

He lived 1797 to 1875. Wind, water, pressure, and heat forces can make mountains, riverbeds, coastlines, and other land shapes. Events observed in present explain events in past. World always has same laws {uniformitarianism}.

Mohorovicic A

He lived 1857 to 1936, studied seisomology, and discovered [1909] discontinuity at crust and mantle {Mohorovicic Discontinuity, Mohorovicic}.

Holmes A

He lived 1890 to 1965, did first radiometric rock dating [1911], and championed continental drift and plate spreading.

Wegener A

He lived 1880 to 1930 and developed continental-drift theory [1912 to 1928].

Milankovich M

He lived 1879 to 1958. Earth-axis variation and atmospheric insulation caused ice ages [1925].

Hess H

He lived 1906 to 1969. Mantle convection caused continental drift and sea-floor spreading [1957].

Heezen B

He lived 1924 to 1977 and mapped ocean floor [1958].

Van Allen J

He lived 1914 to 2006 and found radiation belts around Earth [1958].

Vine Matthews

Vine lived 1939 to ?. Matthews lived 1931 to 1997. They studied magnetic pole flipping compared to seafloor spreading [1963].

Sykes L

He studied sea floor spreading and earthquakes, with Jack Oliver and Bryan L. Isacks, and said that plates float [1968].

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Date Modified: 2022.0225